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MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY.
Health of the population - according to WHO definition - is complete physical, psychical and social well-being of the population. Only healthy and energetic people can bring up healthy generation and promote sustainable human development. In Tajikistan the expected life duration makes 68.4 years. State of health depends not only on access to health care services, but also on living conditions, food and ecological factors. Present growth of population morbidity in Tajikistan is the negative consequence of a number of social, economic and ecological factors peculiar for the transition period. Nowadays population suffers from chronic and infectious diseases, such as diarrhea, tuberculosis, malaria, genital diseases, which have recently been minimized.
Table 1 contains reasons of population mortality in Tajikistan for 1998-1999. In 1999 mortality caused by blood circulation diseases made about half of all mortality casualties and increased for 9% in comparison with 1998 and made 10.8 thousand casualties. Also mortality caused by digestive organs diseases increased for 2.6%; this was caused by irregular nutrition, use of food products of low quality, inappropriate storage of food products.
Table 1. Reasons of population mortality for 1998-1999
| |
1998 |
1999 |
| Total number of dead people, including |
26.816 |
25.384 |
| Blood circulation system diseases |
9896 |
10.786 |
| Respiratory organs diseases |
4847 |
3166 |
| Infectious and parasitic diseases, including |
2402 |
1872 |
| Tuberculosis |
443 |
480 |
| Neoplasms |
1439 |
1582 |
| Digestive organs diseases |
1115 |
1144 |
| Accidents, poisoning, and traumas |
2082 |
1522 |
(State Statistics Agency)
Ecological factors
Industrial enterprises unprotected from discharge of poisonous substances into environment possess a serious problem. Thus, during recent years Tajik Aluminum Plant pollutes the environment with salts of heavy metals with various intensity. In this context the frequency of children, pregnant women's appeal to medical institutions in town Tursunzade increased for 28% in accordance with ecologically favorable districts, according to experts' data. The frequency of pathology of respiratory and digestive organs, endocrine system, reproductive functions.
Tajikistan, Report on Human Development, 2000, UNDP
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